Strategies Engine Replacement Technical Considerations – Ensure technical feasibility. Strategy will involve the careful removal of the original engine and replacing it with a newer, cleaner engine. Options for Implementation – Implementation through voluntary programs, incentives, and/or lease renewals/renegotiations. Pros and Cons – Replacing main-propulsion engines with cleaner engines will provide great emission benefits. Cleaner engines are costly and may cause an economic burden. Technology availability may also be a concern. Destroying old engines may increase costs. Ideally, engines should be rendered inoperable so they are not able to continue to pollute.
Clean Fuels Technical Considerations – Work with ports and fuel suppliers on the availability and supply of clean fuels. Depending on the type of clean fuel used, cleaning of the fuel tank may be required in order to avoid fuel contamination. Options for Implementation – Implementation strategies may include the use of lease requirements and tariff changes. Pros and Cons – Positive emission reduction benefits for NOx, PM and GHGs. The use of biodiesel may present a slight increase in NOx. Challenges may arise with fuel availability.
Emission Control Technologies Technical Considerations – Operational and feasibility testing is required to ensure the function and applicability of an emissions control technology on marine applications. In particular, many ECTs require exhaust gas temperature analysis by conducting exhaust gas temperature datalogging to measure exhaust gas temperatures. Many ECTs have exhaust temperature thresholds that are required for the operation and effectiveness of the technology. Emission control technologies which have been certified or verified by regulatory agencies (such as those programs at the US Environmental Protection Agency and the California Air Resources Board) are most likely to deliver the claimed benefits Options for Implementation – Implement strategy through lease requirements, tariff charges, and incentives. Design a Technology Advancement Program that would demonstrate feasibility and effectiveness (this comment should be included in all of the sections which discuss emission control technologies) of ECTs on marine applications. The Technology Advancement Program would consider use of newer technologies. Pros and Cons – Applying ECTs prove to have positive emission benefits in reducing particulate matter (PM), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC). Not all ECTs reduce all pollutants. Retrofitting HC with ECTs can be challenging, careful evaluation and analysis is a must.
Electrification (including Shore Power and Hybridization) Technical Considerations – Provide shore power infrastructure on-dock and on-board HC. Determine necessary power needed and ensure adaptability. Again, it is important to consider the local power company that is providing the electrical power to the terminal. Some power companies operate coal-burning power plants without the use of scrubbers and other types of emission control technologies. Ensure that the local power company is using a cleaner source of energy along with emission control technologies. In some cases, it is better not to use shore power if the local power company has dirty polluting power plants. Evaluate the HC engine and duty cycles to determine whether the vessel is a good candidate for hybridization which is currently being developed and used on tugboats and ferries. Substantial fuel savings can be realized in addition to lowering emissions by use of hybrid technology Options for Implementation – Implementation strategies include lease requirements, incentives, tariff changes and capital funding. Pros and Cons – Positive emission reduction benefits while at port with shore power. Challenges occur with infrastructure cost and shore power hook up. Shore power requires extensive infrastructure improvements. |
DOWNLOAD |